Hemorrhoids

Hemorrhoids are a common condition that can cause discomfort, pain, and bleeding. Understanding what causes them is the first step toward finding relief.

A medical illustration showing the difference between internal hemorrhoids inside the rectum and external hemorrhoids forming under the skin around the anus.

What are Hemorrhoids?

Hemorrhoids occur when the anal cushions in the anus and lower rectum become swollen and irritated. These cushions are a normal part of anatomy, and aid in stool control and protect the sphincter during bowel movements.

Hemorrhoids develop when increased pressure is placed on the veins within these cushions and can form in two main locations:

These hemorrhoids form inside the rectum. They are usually painless but can cause bleeding during bowel movements. Sometimes, an internal hemorrhoid may prolapse, meaning it stretches and bulges outside the anus.

These hemorrhoids form under the skin around the anus. They can be itchy, painful, and may bleed. Occasionally, a blood clot can form within an external hemorrhoid (a thrombosed hemorrhoid), causing sudden and severe pain.

While often just a nuisance, it's important to have hemorrhoids properly evaluated to rule out other, more serious conditions and to find the most effective path to relief.

Causes and Risk Factors

Hemorrhoids develop when there is too much pressure on the veins around the anus and lower rectum. This pressure causes the veins to bulge and swell.

Some factors that increase this pressure include:

  • Chronic Straining: Pushing too hard during bowel movements is a leading cause.
  • Constipation or diarrhea.
  • Prolonged sitting.
  • Low-fiber diet.
  • Heavy lifting.

Symptoms of Hemorrhoids

The symptoms of hemorrhoids can vary depending on their location and severity.

Common signs include:

  • Bleeding: Bright red blood on toilet paper or in the toilet bowl after a bowel movement.
  • Pain or Discomfort: Particularly with external hemorrhoids or if a clot has formed.
  • Itching or irritation.
  • A lump near the anus.
  • Swelling.

Because rectal bleeding can be a symptom of more serious conditions, it is essential to seek a medical evaluation rather than self-diagnosing.

Diagnosing Hemorrhoids

A proper diagnosis ensures your symptoms are not caused by another condition to help guide the best course of treatment.

Your examination will likely include:

The doctor can often diagnose external hemorrhoids simply by looking at the area.

The doctor inserts a gloved, lubricated finger into the rectum to feel for any abnormalities.

To diagnose internal hemorrhoids and rule out other issues, the doctor may use a short, lighted tube (anoscope) to view the lining of the anus and rectum. If there is any concern for other conditions, a full colonoscopy may be recommended.

Treating Hemorrhoids

Fortunately, many effective treatments are available for hemorrhoids, ranging from simple home remedies to minimally invasive procedures.

Some treatment strategies include:

Making simple lifestyle changes is often the first and most effective step. Increasing your intake of fiber and water can soften stools and prevent straining during bowel movements.

Over-the-counter creams, ointments, or suppositories can provide temporary relief from pain and itching.

A tiny rubber band is placed around the base of an internal hemorrhoid to cut off its circulation. The hemorrhoid withers and falls off within a week.

A chemical solution is injected into the hemorrhoid tissue to shrink it.

A device emits infrared light to create scar tissue, cutting off the blood supply and causing the hemorrhoid to shrink.

For very large or severe hemorrhoids that do not respond to other treatments, surgical removal may be recommended.

Find Treatment for Hemorrhoids in Westlake & Brooklyn, Ohio

You don't have to live with the discomfort and frustration of hemorrhoids. At North Shore Gastroenterology, our board certified gastroenterologists are here to help you find a solution that restores your comfort and confidence.

Contact us today at (440) 808-1212 or request an appointment online to schedule a visit.